None of them knew the color of the sky. Their eyes glanced level, and were fastened upon the waves that swept toward them. These waves were of the hue of slate, save for the tops, which were of foaming white, and all of the men knew the colors of the sea. The horizon narrowed and widened, and dipped and rose, and at all times its edge was jagged with waves that seemed thrust up in points like rocks. Many a man ought to have a bath-tub larger than the boat which here rode upon the sea. These waves were most wrongfully and barbarously abrupt and tall, and each froth-top was a problem in small-boat navigation. So fängt die Geschichte The Open Boat von Stephen Crane an. None of them knew the color of the sky, das ist so ein Satz, auf den Hemingway stolz gewesen wäre. Und auf Hemingway hat Crane einen großen Eindruck gemacht.
Dieser Anfang von The Red Badge of Courage ist ja geradezu impressionistisch, nur Farben und Nuancen. Es ist wie eine Szenenanweisung aus einem Drehbuch, ein cinematic style, man kann das alles sehen, während man es liest. Immer wieder fügt Crane solche Bilder in den Text ein, wenn er die feindlichen Armeen in der Schlacht von Chancellorsville beschreibt: When another night came, the columns, changed to purple streaks, filed across two pontoon bridges. A glaring fire wine-tinted the waters of the river. Its rays, shining upon the moving masses of troops, brought forth here and there sudden gleams of silver or gold. Upon the other shore a dark and mysterious range of hills was curved against the sky. The insect voices of the night sang solemnly. Veteranen aus dem Bürgerkrieg haben geschworen Stephen Crane sei bei der Schlacht von Chancellorsville dabei gewesen, so genau habe er sie beschrieben. Er war da noch nicht einmal geboren. Aber die Sache mit The Open Boat, die kennt er aus Erfahrung, als sein Schiff auf dem Weg nach Cuba gesunken ist, und er tagelang in einem Boot in der See trieb. Es ist die Kunst des Schriftstellers, dass man am Text nicht erkennen kann, welcher aus der eigenen Erfahrung kommt und welcher aus der Imagination.
Joseph Conrad, der Crane kennengelernt hatte, als der nur noch kurze Zeit zu leben hatte und von ihm begeistert war, hat in seinem Vorwort zu The Nigger of the Narcissus etwas Programmatisches gesagt, was die Schriftsteller damals beschäftigt: My task which I am trying to achieve is, by the power of the written word to make you hear, to make you feel—it is, before all, to make you see.
To make you see, das ist es, was Crane gelingt. Wie in der Kurzgeschichte The Blue Hotel: The Palace Hotel at Fort Romper was painted a light blue, a shade that is on the legs of a kind of heron, causing the bird to declare its position against any background. The Palace Hotel, then, was always screaming and howling in a way that made the dazzling winter landscape of Nebraska seem only a gray swampish hush. It stood alone on the prairie, and when the snow was falling the town two hundred yards away was not visible.
Manchmal reicht ihm, wie am Anfang von The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky, ein Satz aus, schnell hingetupft und voller Bewegung: The great Pullman was whirling onward with such dignity of motion that a glance from the window seemed simply to prove that the plains of Texas were pouring eastward. Vast flats of green grass, dull-hued spaces of mesquite and cactus, little groups of frame houses, woods of light and tender trees, all were sweeping into the east, sweeping over the horizon, a precipice.
Der Mann, der in die Titel seiner Erzählungen Farbadjektive schreibt (red badge, blue hotel, yellow sky), ist mit den Farben eigentlich sparsam. Aber wenn er sie auf die Leinwand seiner Erzählung aufträgt, dann geschieht das mit entschlossener Pinselführung. It was late at night, and a fine rain was swirling softly down, causing the pavements to glisten with hue of steel and blue and yellow in the rays of the innumerable lights. Ein Satz, der bei Chandler stehen könnte. Es klingt auch ein wenig so, als wäre es James Abbott McNeill Whistler in Prosa.
Through the mists of the cold and storming night, the cable cars went in silent procession, great affairs shining with red and brass, moving with formidable power, calm and irresistible, dangerful and gloomy, breaking silence only by the loud fierce cry of the gong. Two rivers of people swarmed along the sidewalks, spattered with black mud which made each shoe leave a scar-like impression. Overhead, elevated trains with a shrill grinding of the wheels stopped at the station, which upon its leg-like pillars seemed to resemble some monstrous kind of crab squatting over the street. The quick fat puffings of the engines could be heard. Down an alley there were sombre curtains of purple and black, on which street lamps dully glittered like embroidered flowers.
To make you see, das ist es, was Crane gelingt. Wie in der Kurzgeschichte The Blue Hotel: The Palace Hotel at Fort Romper was painted a light blue, a shade that is on the legs of a kind of heron, causing the bird to declare its position against any background. The Palace Hotel, then, was always screaming and howling in a way that made the dazzling winter landscape of Nebraska seem only a gray swampish hush. It stood alone on the prairie, and when the snow was falling the town two hundred yards away was not visible.
Manchmal reicht ihm, wie am Anfang von The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky, ein Satz aus, schnell hingetupft und voller Bewegung: The great Pullman was whirling onward with such dignity of motion that a glance from the window seemed simply to prove that the plains of Texas were pouring eastward. Vast flats of green grass, dull-hued spaces of mesquite and cactus, little groups of frame houses, woods of light and tender trees, all were sweeping into the east, sweeping over the horizon, a precipice.
Through the mists of the cold and storming night, the cable cars went in silent procession, great affairs shining with red and brass, moving with formidable power, calm and irresistible, dangerful and gloomy, breaking silence only by the loud fierce cry of the gong. Two rivers of people swarmed along the sidewalks, spattered with black mud which made each shoe leave a scar-like impression. Overhead, elevated trains with a shrill grinding of the wheels stopped at the station, which upon its leg-like pillars seemed to resemble some monstrous kind of crab squatting over the street. The quick fat puffings of the engines could be heard. Down an alley there were sombre curtains of purple and black, on which street lamps dully glittered like embroidered flowers.
Stephen Crane wurde am 1. November 1871 geboren, er starb am 5. Juni 1900 in Badenweiler. Das Sanatorium für Lungenkranke dort zieht jetzt Menschen aus aller Herren Länder an. Vier Jahre nach Crane wird da ein Autor sterben, der sicherlich noch größer war als er: Anton Tschechow.
Die Bilder im Text sind von amerikanischen Malern, die Zeitgenossen von Crane waren: Winslow Homer, George Bellows, James Abbott McNeill Whistler, George Henri und John Sloan. Wenn Ihnen diese Namen nichts sagen, keine Sorge. Es wird an dieser Stelle noch eine kleine Vorlesung zu ihnen geben.
Postscriptum (November 2012) Das letzte waren keine leeren Versprechungen, wenn Sie jetzt die Maler anklicken, finden Sie kleine Essays zu ihnen.
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